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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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Epithelial stem cells and intestinal cancer.

Shawna Tan1, Nick Barker2

  • 1A-STAR Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review explores intestinal epithelial stem cells, their role in tissue repair and homeostasis, and how their dysregulation can lead to cancer. Understanding these stem cells is key for developing effective intestinal cancer therapies.

Keywords:
EpithelialIntestinal cancerLgr5OrganoidsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology and Cancer Research

Background:

  • The mammalian intestine relies on a rapidly regenerating epithelial layer for digestion and homeostasis.
  • Highly proliferative epithelial stem cells are crucial for intestinal repair and normal tissue function.
  • While stem cell regulation is increasingly understood, gaps remain in knowledge regarding their role in homeostasis and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epithelial stem cells in both intestinal and non-intestinal tissues.
  • To discuss strategies for characterizing these stem cells.
  • To examine intestinal self-renewal, regeneration, and the link between signaling pathway dysregulation and oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epithelial stem cells.
  • Analysis of current understanding of intestinal stem cell regulation and regeneration.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways involved in intestinal homeostasis and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial stem cells are fundamental to intestinal regeneration and homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of key signaling pathways in stem cells can lead to oncogenic aberrations.
  • Current research highlights the need for further investigation into stem cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into intestinal epithelial stem cells is essential for understanding tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in these stem cells holds promise for future intestinal cancer therapies.
  • A comprehensive understanding of stem cell mechanisms is critical for advancing cancer treatment strategies.