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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Sensory Modalities01:15

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
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Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

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Multisensory convergence of visual and haptic object preference across development.

R Joanne Jao1, Thomas W James2, Karin Harman James2

  • 1Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.

Neuropsychologia
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

Keywords:
DevelopmentHapticsMultisensory interactionObject recognitionVisionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Visuohaptic inputs provide complementary information for object recognition.
  • Object recognition via visual and haptic senses develops early.
  • Neural mechanisms for integrating visual and haptic shape information are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of neural mechanisms for visuohaptic object recognition.
  • To examine how the brain integrates visual and haptic shape information across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used in children (4-5.5 and 7-8.5 years) and adults.
  • Participants engaged in visual exploration of 2D object images and haptic exploration of 3D object counterparts.
  • Analysis focused on visuohaptic convergence regions: lateral occipital tactile-visual (LOtv) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS).

Main Results:

  • The LOtv shows early involvement in visuohaptic object recognition.
  • Visuohaptic object preference in the LOtv becomes more visually dominant with age.
  • Overlap in the lateral occipital complex (LOC) between children and adults was observed, but not incrementally.

Conclusions:

  • Neural substrates for visuohaptic recognition develop gradually and are not fully mature by 8 years.
  • The development of integrated visuohaptic processing is protracted compared to unisensory processing.
  • Findings suggest a protracted development of neural substrates for integrating visual and haptic object shape information.