Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026

Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA
Published on: November 14, 2017
RNA-DNA differences are generated in human cells within seconds after RNA exits polymerase II
Isabel X Wang1, Leighton J Core2, Hojoong Kwak3
1Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
None:
RNA sequences are expected to be identical to their corresponding DNA sequences. Here, we found all 12 types of RNA-DNA sequence differences (RDDs) in nascent RNA. Our results show that RDDs begin to occur in RNA chains ~55 nt from the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) active site. These RDDs occur so soon after transcription that they are incompatible with known deaminase-mediated RNA-editing mechanisms. Moreover, the 55 nt delay in appearance indicates that they do not arise during RNA synthesis by Pol II or as a direct consequence of modified base incorporation. Preliminary data suggest that RDD and R-loop formations may be coupled. These findings identify sequence substitution as an early step in cotranscriptional RNA processing.
More Related Videos
10:59Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
Published on: May 13, 2019
09:04Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis
Published on: July 26, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
DNA Replication
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Transcription Initiation
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
RNA Stability