Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026
19:57
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
19.2K
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for HLA-B Genotype and Abacavir Dosing: 2014 update
M A Martin1, J M Hoffman2, R R Freimuth3
1Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|February 25, 2014
Summary
The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing remain current. Updated supplementary materials and resources are available to aid in applying these pharmacogenetic guidelines within electronic health records.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacogenetics
- Clinical Guideline Updates
Background:
- The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) published guidelines on HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing in 2012.
- Abacavir is a crucial antiretroviral medication requiring genotype-guided dosing to mitigate hypersensitivity reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature and reassess the clinical currency of the 2012 CPIC guidelines for HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing.
- To provide updated resources for implementing pharmacogenetic testing and guideline recommendations into clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of recent scientific literature pertaining to HLA-B genotype and abacavir pharmacogenetics.
- Evaluation of new evidence against the existing therapeutic recommendations in the original CPIC guideline.
Main Results:
- No new evidence was identified that would necessitate changes to the original therapeutic recommendations.
- The 2012 CPIC guideline on HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing remains clinically valid and current.
Conclusions:
- The existing CPIC guidelines for HLA-B and abacavir are still clinically applicable.
- Enhanced supplementary materials and electronic health record implementation resources have been developed to support guideline use.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets
121
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
121
01:29Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
159
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
159
01:11Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
81
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
81
01:08Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment
379
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
379
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview
194
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
194
01:27Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
138
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
138