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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Single-stranded (ss) circular small DNA viruses, termed stool-associated circular viruses (SCVs), were recently identified in mammalian fecal samples.
  • These viruses were previously found in chimpanzees (ChiSCV), pigs (PoSCV), and cattle (BoSCV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel SCVs in avian species.
  • To investigate the genomic diversity and evolutionary relationships of SCVs.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of viral DNA in fecal samples from domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).
  • Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the identified virus.
  • Comparative sequence analysis of viral proteins against known SCVs.

Main Results:

  • A novel SCV, designated turkey stool-associated circular virus (TuSCV), was detected in domestic turkey feces.
  • The complete TuSCV genome is 2479 nucleotides long with two bidirectionally transcribed open reading frames (ORFs).
  • The TuSCV replicase (ORF1) and capsid (ORF2) proteins showed 77% and 48% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, to porcine SCVs.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first identification of an SCV in an avian species, expanding the known host tropism of this virus family.
  • TuSCV represents a novel genomic relative within the SCV group, highlighting the potential for SCV diversity across different animal classes.
  • The sequence similarities suggest a potential evolutionary link between avian and mammalian SCVs.