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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

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Toe walking in autism: further observations.

Pasquale J Accardo¹, William Barrow²

¹School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA paccardo@mcvh-vcu.edu.

Journal of Child Neurology

|February 25, 2014

Summary

Persistent toe walking in young children with autism is linked to primitive reflex patterns, not sensory issues or language delays. This suggests subtle motor deficits may contribute to autism-related behaviors.

Keywords:

autism toe walking tonic labyrinthine reflex

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Pediatrics
Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

Toe walking is observed in children, sometimes associated with language disorders and autism.
Understanding the underlying causes of toe walking in autism is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between persistent toe walking and specific motor and sensory variables in children with autism.
To explore the relationship between toe walking, sensory integration dysfunction, and primitive reflex patterns in young autistic children.

Main Methods:

Compared the degree of toe walking with sensory integration dysfunction symptoms and tonic labyrinthine reflex patterns.
Studied 61 children under 37 months with newly diagnosed autism.
Utilized statistical analysis to determine associations (P-values provided).

Main Results:

No significant association was found between toe walking and sensory symptoms (P = .5298) or language age (P = .6142).
A significant association was identified between toe walking and the presence of residual tonic labyrinthine reflex components (P = .04222).

Conclusions:

Preliminary findings suggest that subtle motor deficits, specifically related to primitive reflexes, may be associated with toe walking in young children with autism.
These motor deficits might contribute to the development of certain behaviors observed in autism spectrum disorder.