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Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Circular RNA hsa_circ_0099188 regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase and chemokine transcription in macrophages by targeting the hsa-miR-381-3p/PPP3CA and hsa-miR-381-3p/KLF4 pathways in response to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-glutathione conjugate exposure.

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Exposures and cross-shift lung function declines in wildland firefighters.

Denise M Gaughan1, Chris A Piacitelli, Bean T Chen

  • 1a Department of Preventive Medicine and the Institute for Translational Epidemiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
|February 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Wildland firefighters exposed to wood smoke particles experienced acute lung function decline. Higher concentrations of respirable levoglucosan, a smoke indicator, were linked to reduced lung function, highlighting potential long-term respiratory risks.

Keywords:
exposure assessmentlevoglucosanoccupational lung disease

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Wildland firefighters face significant occupational exposures.
  • Limited research directly links these exposures to respiratory health outcomes.
  • Understanding exposure-particulate matter relationships is crucial for firefighter health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize occupational exposures during wildland firefighting.
  • To assess the association between these exposures and lung function changes.
  • To identify specific airborne components linked to respiratory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Environmental sampling and pulmonary function testing on 17 wildland firefighters.
  • Characterization of airborne particles, including size distribution, mass concentration, and elemental analysis.
  • Analysis of levoglucosan as a biomass smoke indicator and its correlation with lung function.

Main Results:

  • Levoglucosan, a wood smoke indicator, was found predominantly in the respirable fraction.
  • Higher concentrations of respirable levoglucosan were associated with greater declines in forced expiratory volume in one second.
  • Carbon monoxide levels did not reliably predict particulate concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Inhalation of fine smoke particles is associated with acute lung function decline in wildland firefighters.
  • Exposure to respirable levoglucosan is a significant factor in these lung function changes.
  • Findings suggest the need to address potential long-term respiratory health issues in this population.