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Updated: May 2, 2026

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
Published on: June 20, 2020
Strengthening systems for integrated early childhood development services: a cross-national analysis of governance
Pia Rebello Britto1, Hirokazu Yoshikawa2, Jan van Ravens3
1United Nations Children's Fund, New York, New York, The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development and Social Policy, and The Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Abstract:
While there has been substantial growth in early childhood development (ECD) services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is considerable inequity in their distribution and quality. Evidence-based governance strategies are necessary, but currently they are insufficient for widespread, quality implementation. In particular, there is a limited understanding of the use of systems approaches for the analysis of ECD services as they go to scale. The aim of this paper is to present findings from four countries, using a cross-national case study approach to explore governance mechanisms required to strengthen national systems of ECD services. While different sets of governance strategies and challenges were identified in each country, overarching themes also emerged with implications for systems strengthening. Study results focus on local, mid-level and central governance, with recommendations for effective coordination and the integration of ECD services in LMICs.
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