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Deep functional redundancy between FAMA and FOUR LIPS in stomatal development.

Eunkyoung Lee1, Jessica Regan Lucas, Fred David Sack

  • 1Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Functional redundancy in plant stomatal development was investigated. The transcription factors FAMA and FOUR LIPS (FLP) ensure correct guard cell formation, with FAMA conferring cell fate and FLP

Keywords:
ArabidopsisFAMAFOUR LIPSRETINOBLASTOMA-RELATEDfunctional redundancyguard cell

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Functional redundancy is observed between gene paralogs and non-homologous genes with shared roles.
  • The bHLH transcription factor FAMA and MYB genes (FLP, MYB88) are crucial for Arabidopsis stomatal development, ensuring two guard cells (GCs) via symmetric precursor cell division.
  • FAMA and FLP share expression patterns, but only FAMA is essential for conferring GC fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional redundancy and reciprocal complementation between FAMA and FLP in Arabidopsis stomatal development.
  • To explore the roles of FAMA, FLP, and MYB88 in maintaining and stabilizing stomatal fate.
  • To elucidate potential interactions between FLP, FAMA, and the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) protein.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene function through loss-of-function mutants.
  • Gene and promoter swapping experiments to assess reciprocal complementation.
  • Expression pattern analysis using translational GFP fusions.
  • Investigation of protein interactions, including with RBR.

Main Results:

  • FAMA and FLP exhibit reciprocal complementation, where an FLP transgene can restore GC fate in a fama mutant.
  • While both genes are involved in stomatal development, FAMA is specifically required for conferring GC fate.
  • Overlapping functions of FAMA, FLP, and MYB88 in stomatal development suggest interactions with RBR.

Conclusions:

  • FAMA and FLP display functional redundancy and reciprocal complementation in regulating Arabidopsis stomatal development.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay of transcription factors in ensuring proper stomatal formation and fate.
  • Interactions with RBR protein are implicated in the overlapping functions of these key developmental regulators.