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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

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Optic and auditory pathway dysfunction in demyelinating neuropathies.

M Knopp1, R J Leese, D Martin-Lamb

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Demyelinating polyneuropathies often affect optic nerves, especially in anti-MAG neuropathy, but less so in CMT1A. Auditory nerve issues are common, though HNPP patients show spared peripheral auditory nerves.

Keywords:
BAEPCIDPCMT1AHNPPVEPanti-MAGauditorycranialneuropathyoptic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Demyelinating polyneuropathies are diverse neurological disorders.
  • Optic and auditory pathway involvement is understudied in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate optic and auditory pathway involvement in acquired and genetic demyelinating polyneuropathies.
  • To compare findings across different types of demyelinating neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Studied patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy.
  • Utilized visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs).

Main Results:

  • Optic pathway dysfunction was frequent in anti-MAG neuropathy (6/7) and common in CIDP and HNPP.
  • Optic pathway involvement was less common in CMT1A (1/6).
  • Peripheral auditory nerve dysfunction was prevalent in most groups, except HNPP; central brainstem involvement was rare.

Conclusions:

  • Optic nerve involvement is frequent in demyelinating polyneuropathies, particularly anti-MAG neuropathy, but spared in CMT1A.
  • Peripheral auditory nerves may be spared in HNPP, potentially due to lack of local compression.
  • Acquired and genetic demyelinating polyneuropathies can involve optic and auditory nerves, contributing to disability and necessitating increased clinical awareness.