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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay
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Orofacial pain - an overview.

S B Graff-Radford1

  • 1The Pain Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orofacial pain is complex. This review covers nervous system functions, an organ-based classification, and current therapeutic strategies for orofacial pain disorders.

Keywords:
Neuropathic painNociceptionOrofacial pain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dentistry
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Orofacial pain presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Effective management requires a thorough understanding of underlying pathophysiology.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches can be improved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the nervous system in orofacial pain.
  • To introduce an organ-based classification system for orofacial pain disorders.
  • To summarize current knowledge on the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroscience principles related to orofacial pain.
  • Development and presentation of an organ-based classification system.
  • Synthesis of current research on the pathogenesis and therapies for orofacial pain.

Main Results:

  • The nervous system plays a critical role in the perception and modulation of orofacial pain.
  • An organ-based classification system aids in differentiating various orofacial pain conditions.
  • Current understanding of pathogenesis and therapeutic options is evolving.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach, including understanding nervous system function and utilizing an organ-based classification, is essential for managing orofacial pain.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis of specific orofacial pain disorders will refine therapeutic strategies.