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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

873
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
873
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

929
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
929
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

360
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
360
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

630
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
630
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

175
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
175
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

493
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
493

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

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Infective endocarditis in northeastern Thailand.

George Watt, Orathai Pachirat, Henry C Baggett

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |February 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Identifying the cause of infective endocarditis remains challenging, especially in resource-limited settings. This study found that a significant portion of infective endocarditis cases in Thailand had unidentified causative pathogens.

    Keywords:
    BartonellaCoxiella burnetiiInfective endocarditisQ feverThailandViridans streptococciantimicrobial drugsbacteriacongestive heart failureheart valverheumatic heart diseasezoonoses

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Cardiology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection affecting heart valves.
    • Diagnostic challenges persist, particularly in resource-limited regions.
    • Rheumatic heart disease is a common predisposing factor in many low-resource countries.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the etiological causes of infective endocarditis in patients admitted to hospitals in Khon Kaen, Thailand.
    • To analyze the types of pathogens identified in confirmed cases.
    • To understand the diagnostic yield of etiological investigations for IE in this setting.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 132 patients admitted with suspected infective endocarditis between January 2010 and July 2012.
    • Review of diagnostic testing results, including blood cultures.
    • Identification and categorization of isolated pathogens.

    Main Results:

    • The causative agent of infective endocarditis was identified in only 60 (45.5%) of 132 patients.
    • Viridans streptococci were among the most frequently identified pathogens.
    • Zoonotic bacteria species were also commonly found, consistent with findings in other resource-limited countries.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant proportion of infective endocarditis cases in this Thai cohort remained without a confirmed etiological diagnosis.
    • The prevalence of Viridans streptococci and zoonotic bacteria highlights potential sources and emphasizes the need for tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies.
    • Challenges in pathogen identification underscore the need for improved diagnostic capabilities in resource-limited settings for managing infective endocarditis.