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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
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Selectins01:25

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Human Neutrophil Flow Chamber Adhesion Assay
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Human Neutrophil Flow Chamber Adhesion Assay

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Red cell adhesion in human diseases.

Yves Colin1, Caroline Le Van Kim, Wassim El Nemer

  • 1aInserm U1134 bUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134 cInstitut National de la Transfusion Sanguine dLaboratoire d' Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red blood cell (RBC) adhesiveness unexpectedly contributes to vaso-occlusion and thrombosis in various blood and non-blood cell disorders. Understanding these RBC interactions may lead to new therapies blocking abnormal cell adhesion.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to vascular endothelium is increasingly recognized in disease.
  • Vaso-occlusive and thrombotic events are common manifestations in various disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RBC adhesiveness in hereditary spherocytosis, polycythemia vera, central retinal vein occlusion, and Gaucher disease.
  • To highlight shared pathophysiological mechanisms involving RBC adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating RBC adhesion molecules and signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations related to RBC adhesion in specific diseases.

Main Results:

  • RBC adhesion is implicated in vaso-occlusion, particularly in sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • Identified erythroid adhesion molecules (e.g., Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule) play a key role.
  • Phosphorylation activates adhesion molecules involved in pathological processes.

Conclusions:

  • RBC adhesiveness contributes to complications like vaso-occlusive crisis, thrombosis, splenic sequestration, and bone infarcts.
  • Further characterization of RBC-endothelium interactions can inform new therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting abnormal RBC adhesion offers potential for novel treatment approaches.