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Updated: May 2, 2026

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[The throwing shoulder].

S Gaber1, V Zdravkovic, B Jost

  • 1Klinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie des Bewegungsapparates, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Schweiz.

Der Orthopade
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Throwing athletes experience shoulder stress, leading to internal impingement and rotator cuff tears. Early diagnosis via physical exam and MRI, followed by appropriate therapy, is crucial for managing these injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Throwing motions place high forces on the athlete's shoulder, reaching extreme external rotation and abduction.
  • Dynamic and static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint must balance mobility and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common injuries, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for throwing athletes' shoulders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on shoulder injuries in throwing athletes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance arthrography.
  • Outline of conservative and surgical treatment considerations.

Main Results:

  • Repetitive forces cause adaptive changes, potentially leading to internal impingement, rotator cuff tears, labral lesions, and biceps tendon injuries.
  • Internal impingement presents as posterosuperior or anterosuperior types.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on correlating clinical findings with imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Throwing athletes are prone to specific shoulder pathologies due to repetitive stress.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach is essential for identifying symptomatic lesions.
  • Treatment should be tailored to the underlying pathology, with surgery considered when conservative methods fail or structural damage is significant.