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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Regulatory T cells as immunotherapy.

Benjamin D Singer1, Landon S King1, Franco R D'Alessio1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) show promise for immunotherapy, helping control immune responses and promote tolerance. Early trials suggest safety and efficacy for treating immune-mediated diseases, though further research is needed.

Keywords:
adoptive transferexpansionimmunotherapeuticsinflammationregulatory T cellstolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Therapy
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune suppression and maintaining tolerance.
  • Their role in modulating innate and adaptive immunity has spurred interest in Treg-based immunotherapy.
  • Conditions like autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection require enhanced immune tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated diseases.
  • To review current ex vivo and in vivo approaches for Treg manipulation.
  • To identify barriers and future directions for clinical Treg immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ex vivo Treg isolation, preservation, expansion, and infusion strategies.
  • Consideration of in vivo Treg manipulation protocols.
  • Analysis of preliminary clinical trial data for Treg adoptive transfer.

Main Results:

  • Treg immunotherapy holds potential for treating conditions requiring clinical tolerance, including autoimmune diseases and transplant complications.
  • Preliminary clinical trials for graft versus host disease demonstrated Treg adoptive transfer's safety and efficacy.
  • Key challenges include Treg stability, off-target effects, and ensuring cell preparation purity and potency.

Conclusions:

  • Treg-based immunotherapy presents a promising avenue for managing immune-mediated diseases.
  • Further research is essential to confirm long-term safety and establish the efficacy of specific Treg subsets.
  • Optimizing Treg stability and manufacturing processes are critical for clinical translation.