Skeletal muscle capillary density and microvascular function are compromised with aging and type 2 diabetes
Bart B L Groen1, Henrike M Hamer, Tim Snijders
1Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|March 1, 2014
Summary
Aging and type 2 diabetes reduce skeletal muscle capillary density, impairing muscle health. This study compared capillary density and endothelial function in young, older, and type 2 diabetic men, revealing significant declines with age and diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Gerontology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Skeletal muscle mass maintenance relies on adequate muscle perfusion.
- Aging and type 2 diabetes are linked to microvascular impairments and muscle mass loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare muscle fiber type-specific capillary density and endothelial function.
- To investigate the impact of aging and type 2 diabetes on microvascular structure and function.
Main Methods:
- Study included 15 healthy young men, 15 healthy older men, and 15 age-matched type 2 diabetes patients.
- Assessed whole body insulin sensitivity, muscle fiber type-specific capillary density, and sublingual microvascular density.
- Utilized sidestream darkfield imaging to measure erythrocyte-perfused boundary region.
Main Results:
- Whole body insulin sensitivity decreased with age, being lowest in type 2 diabetes patients.
- Skeletal muscle capillary contacts were significantly lower in older and type 2 diabetic men compared to young men.
- Type 2 diabetes patients exhibited a thicker erythrocyte-perfused boundary region.
Conclusions:
- Skeletal muscle capillary density is reduced in aging and type 2 diabetes.
- Impaired endothelial glycocalyx function accompanies reduced capillary density, indicating compromised vascular function.
More Related Videos
12:59Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
Published on: July 5, 2017
12.0K
10:39Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo
Published on: March 8, 2018
7.6K
Related Concept Videos
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
28
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
28
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
32
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
32
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
75
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
75
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
55
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
55
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.6K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.6K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.4K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.4K