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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry
08:47

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry

Published on: February 2, 2018

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Caries process on occlusal surfaces: evolving evidence and understanding.

J C Carvalho

    Caries Research
    |March 1, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Occlusal caries in permanent molars are challenging to manage. Plaque accumulation and tooth eruption stage, not fissure anatomy, are key factors in caries development and arrest in young permanent teeth.

    Area of Science:

    • Dental caries research
    • Oral health
    • Pediatric dentistry

    Background:

    • Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars are highly susceptible to caries, presenting a significant clinical challenge.
    • High caries prevalence is observed on first and second permanent molars soon after eruption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To appraise traditional concepts of occlusal caries susceptibility against current evidence.
    • To examine biological determinants influencing occlusal caries in young permanent teeth.
    • To analyze the contribution of research to understanding the occlusal caries process.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature and research studies.
    • Appraisal of traditional versus evidence-based concepts of occlusal caries.

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    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

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    Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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  • Analysis of biological determinants of caries development and arrest.

    • Main Results:

    • Current evidence refutes the notion that inherent low resistance or inaccessible fissures cause early occlusal caries.
    • Thick plaque accumulation and the stage of tooth eruption are the primary biological determinants.
    • Active occlusal lesions are more prevalent in erupting teeth compared to fully erupted teeth.

    Conclusions:

    • The development and arrest of occlusal caries are primarily influenced by plaque accumulation and eruption stage.
    • Updated knowledge on biological principles aids in managing caries on erupting molars.
    • Rethinking traditional caries susceptibility concepts is crucial for effective management.