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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Depression is a prevalent disorder with significant public health implications.
    • Adolescence is a critical period for brain development and the onset of many mental health disorders, including depression.
    • Structural alterations in limbic, striatal, and prefrontal regions are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between structural brain development in limbic, striatal, and prefrontal regions and adolescent-onset depression.
    • To examine developmental trajectories of specific brain regions in relation to depression onset during adolescence.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal neuroimaging study of a community sample of 86 adolescents (ages 12-16).
    • Assessment of depressive disorder onset between ages 12 and 18.
    • Analysis of volumetric changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, and nucleus accumbens from early to mid-adolescence.

    Main Results:

    • Volumetric changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen were associated with depression onset.
    • Attenuated hippocampal growth and attenuated putamen volume reduction were linked to depression.
    • Sex moderated amygdala growth associations with depression; nucleus accumbens volume was smaller in females with depression.

    Conclusions:

    • Alterations in the developmental trajectories of limbic and striatal regions during adolescence may indicate a neurobiological risk factor for depression.
    • These findings offer insights into the etiological mechanisms underlying adolescent depression.