Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.0K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.9K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.4K
Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

105.2K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
105.2K
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

31.9K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
31.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecularly designed star-shaped PLA-based polymers with enhanced piezoelectricity for ultrasound-driven wound healing.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Multistage S-Scheme Heterojunction-Modified Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Membrane: Enhancing Long-Term Stability and Achieving Synergistic Purification of Multiple Indoor Air Pollutants.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

High Optical Transparency in the Alicyclic Poly(Ether-b-amide) Copolymer Induced by Multiscale Structure via Weak Microphase Separation.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Tissue Factor-inhibited Beclin1-autophagy via BCL2 overexpression suppresses the differentiation of human monocytes into mature osteoclasts.

Genetics and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Melatonin: a promising therapy to combat type 2 airway inflammation via MT1-Sirt1 pathway.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Toll-Like Receptor 8 is a Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Cultivation, Growth, and Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Quality Control Perspective
04:40

The Cultivation, Growth, and Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Quality Control Perspective

Published on: June 16, 2022

9.4K

Tailoring crystallization: towards high-performance poly(lactic acid).

Guoming Liu1, Xiuqin Zhang, Dujin Wang

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) offers a sustainable alternative to plastics. Enhancing PLA

Keywords:
biodegradable polymercrystallizationpoly(lactic acid)structure-property relationship

More Related Videos

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

7.7K
A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
13:46

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Published on: October 17, 2016

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Cultivation, Growth, and Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Quality Control Perspective
04:40

The Cultivation, Growth, and Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Quality Control Perspective

Published on: June 16, 2022

9.4K
Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

7.7K
A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
13:46

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Published on: October 17, 2016

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Bioplastics

Background:

  • Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a leading bioplastic alternative to conventional petrochemical plastics.
  • Improving PLA's properties is crucial for its widespread adoption.
  • Crystallization is a key factor influencing PLA's material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding PLA's crystalline structure.
  • To explore the link between PLA's crystalline structure and its material properties.
  • To introduce methods for manipulating PLA crystallization for enhanced performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on PLA crystallization.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships in crystalline PLA.
  • Overview of techniques for controlling PLA crystallization.

Main Results:

  • Recent advances highlight the critical role of crystalline structure in determining PLA properties.
  • Understanding the relationship between crystalline structure and properties is advancing.
  • Various methods exist to manipulate PLA crystallization.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallization mediation is a practical approach to enhance PLA.
  • Further research into structure-property relationships can lead to high-performance PLA.
  • Controlling crystallization is key to unlocking PLA's potential as a sustainable material.