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Related Concept Videos

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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OverviewElements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally-occurring, and fewer still are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.The Periodic Table Provides Information...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
Periodic Table Provides Information...
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Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

89
Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
89
Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations
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Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

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Major and trace elements in lithogenesis.

Marcin Słojewski1

  • 1Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Central European Journal of Urology
|March 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Urinary stone formation occurs when promoting and inhibiting factors are imbalanced. This review explores the unclear role of major and trace elements in urinary lithogenesis, potentially acting as nuclei or contaminants.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biochemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Urinary stone formation results from a disruption in the balance of promoting and inhibiting factors.
  • Existing theories on urinary lithogenesis do not adequately address the role of trace elements.
  • The precise involvement of major and trace elements in stone initiation and structure remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles and data concerning the role of major and trace elements in lithogenesis.
  • To elucidate the potential contribution of these elements to the initiation and development of urinary stones.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing theories and studies on urinary stone formation.
  • Analysis of data on the presence and potential function of major and trace elements in urinary calculi.
Keywords:
pathogenesistrace elementsurinary stone

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  • Synthesis of information to present a cohesive account of elemental roles in lithogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Trace elements may play a significant role in the initiation of urinary stone crystallization.
    • Elements can act as a nucleus or nidus, facilitating stone formation.
    • Elements can also be incorporated as contaminants within the stone structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The role of major and trace elements in lithogenesis is significant and warrants further investigation.
    • Understanding elemental involvement could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for urinary stone disease.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the exact mechanisms by which elements influence stone formation.