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Ascites01:19

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DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
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Massive ascites in severe pre-eclampsia: a rare complication.

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  • 1Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. drpramilapradhan@gmail.com

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Massive maternal ascites, a rare complication of severe pre-eclampsia toxaemia (PET), can cause respiratory distress. Immediate pregnancy termination may be necessary for maternal health.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pre-eclampsia toxaemia (PET) is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria.
  • Massive maternal ascites is an exceptionally rare manifestation of severe PET.

Observation:

  • A case of severe PET complicated by massive maternal ascites was observed.
  • The patient presented with significantly elevated blood pressure (≥160/110 mmHg), worsening proteinuria, and hyperuricaemia.

Findings:

  • The development of massive ascites led to severe respiratory compromise in the patient.
  • The ascites was directly associated with the severe pre-eclampsia toxaemia.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for severe and unusual complications in pre-eclampsia toxaemia.
  • Prompt recognition and management, including potential termination of pregnancy, are crucial for maternal survival in such rare scenarios.