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Updated: May 2, 2026

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Unorthodox bubbles when boiling in cold water.

Scott Parker1, Steve Granick2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unconventional bubble dynamics, including explosive cavitation, significantly enhance heat transfer efficiency during laser-induced boiling. These phenomena deviate from classical boiling expectations, revealing complex fluid behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat transfer
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Boiling phenomena are crucial in many industrial applications.
  • Understanding bubble dynamics is key to optimizing heat transfer.
  • Laser heating offers precise control over surface temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bubble growth dynamics at a heated gold surface.
  • To analyze the impact of unorthodox bubble shapes on heat transfer.
  • To explore deviations from classical boiling theory.

Main Methods:

  • High-speed videography of bubble growth on a gold surface.
  • Spotwise heating using a near-infrared laser.
  • Controlled water temperatures below the boiling point (60-70°C).

Main Results:

  • Observed both conventional and unorthodox bubble shapes (e.g., mushroom clouds, explosive events).
  • Unorthodox bubbles, including cavitation, disproportionately enhanced heat transfer.
  • Complex bubble sequences initiated by unorthodox bubbles were documented.

Conclusions:

  • Explosive phenomena like cavitation significantly alter boiling behavior.
  • Deviations from classical boiling expectations are driven by superheating, convection, turbulence, and dewetting.
  • The study provides insights into non-classical boiling regimes for improved thermal management.