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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
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Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
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Environmental and animal-associated enterococci.

Christopher Staley1, Gary M Dunny2, Michael J Sadowsky3

  • 1BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Advances in Applied Microbiology
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterococci bacteria, commonly found in animal guts, can cause infections and spread antibiotic resistance. Evidence shows they can survive and grow in environments outside the gut, challenging their use as fecal contamination indicators.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCommensalEnteric bacteriaFecal indicator bacteriaGene transferMicrobial ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Enterococci are commensal gut bacteria in humans and animals.
  • They are increasingly recognized for causing infections, antibiotic resistance, and genetic exchange.
  • Their presence in extra-enteric habitats has been studied for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal host associations of enterococci.
  • To examine genetic exchange among Enterococcus species.
  • To emphasize evidence for enterococci persistence and growth in secondary habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on enterococci.
  • Analysis of research on enterococci in animal hosts and environmental habitats.
  • Synthesis of data on antibiotic resistance and genetic exchange.

Main Results:

  • Enterococci exhibit pathogenic potential and antibiotic resistance.
  • Genetic exchange occurs among Enterococcus species across various animal hosts.
  • Certain enterococcal strains can naturalize and persist/grow in environmental habitats.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococci's ability to thrive in secondary habitats questions their reliability as fecal contamination indicators.
  • Further research is needed on environmental persistence and its public health implications.
  • Understanding these extra-enteric behaviors is crucial for risk assessment.