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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

1.2K
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.4K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.8K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

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Action versus valence in decision making.

Marc Guitart-Masip1, Emrah Duzel2, Ray Dolan3

  • 1Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institute, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine influences how we choose and perform actions based on predicted outcomes. Recent studies show the brain

Keywords:
Pavlovianactiondopamineinstrumentalstriatumvalue

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Action selection and vigor are modulated by the predicted emotional value (valence) of outcomes.
  • This action-valence interaction is crucial for decision-making and implicated in psychiatric disorders like addiction and impulsivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent human studies investigating the interplay between action and valence.
  • To examine the role of dopamine in modulating this interaction.
  • To challenge existing models of neural representation in the striatum.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human behavioral studies.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging data.
  • Examination of pharmacological studies.
  • Orthogonal manipulation of action and valence parameters in study designs.

Main Results:

  • The interaction between action and valence is significantly influenced by dopamine.
  • Neural representations in the striatum appear to prioritize the anticipation of action over valence.
  • Findings challenge the notion that striatal representations solely focus on outcome valence.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine plays a critical role in mediating the influence of outcome valence on action selection and execution.
  • Striatal function in decision-making may be more focused on action anticipation than previously thought.
  • Understanding this interaction provides insights into impulsivity and addiction.