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Hookah use, originating in the 15th century, is increasingly popular globally. This review examines the serious health risks associated with hookah smoking, including addiction and various diseases for both active and passive smokers.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Toxicology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Hookah smoking, a practice with origins in the 15th century Middle East, has gained significant popularity in Western countries.
  • It is recognized that hookah use, similar to other forms of tobacco consumption, can lead to addiction.
  • Hookah smoke contains numerous toxic substances, posing risks to both active and passive smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the health complications associated with hookah use.
  • To identify the toxic components within hookah smoke and their effects.
  • To assess the impact of hookah smoking on vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and newborns.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Databases were searched for studies on hookah use and its associated health outcomes.
  • The review focused on identifying toxic substances in hookah smoke and their health implications.

Main Results:

  • Hookah use is linked to addiction and a range of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), various cancers, hemodynamic alterations, vascular disease, and infectious diseases.
  • Exposure to hookah smoke poses risks to both primary and passive smokers.
  • In pregnant women, hookah use is associated with diminished fetal growth and adverse effects on newborns.

Conclusions:

  • Hookah smoking presents significant health risks, contributing to addiction and a spectrum of serious diseases.
  • The toxic constituents of hookah smoke endanger the health of all exposed individuals.
  • Public health interventions are necessary to address the growing popularity and associated health dangers of hookah use.