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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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Rectal carcinoids: a systematic review.

Frank D McDermott1, Anna Heeney, Danielle Courtney

  • 1Institute for Clinical Outcomes, Research and Education (ICORE), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland, fmcdermott@doctors.net.uk.

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|March 4, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rectal carcinoid tumors are increasing, with size and invasion predicting metastasis risk. Small tumors (<10 mm) can be locally excised, while larger or invasive ones require radical surgery for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Rectal carcinoid tumors are rising globally.
  • Optimal treatment strategies for localized and advanced rectal carcinoids remain under-defined.
  • This study synthesizes current data on rectal carcinoid management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize published experiences with rectal carcinoids.
  • To present the most current data on rectal carcinoid treatment and outcomes.
  • To identify factors influencing rectal carcinoid metastasis and survival.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
  • Searches of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library covered 1993-2013.
  • Studies were excluded if not in English, involving animals, or with <100 patients.

Main Results:

  • 14 articles involving 4,575 patients with rectal carcinoids were analyzed.
  • Tumor size >10 mm, muscular, and lymphovascular invasion independently increase metastasis risk.
  • Five-year survival was 93% for localized disease and 86% overall.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic or local excision is suitable for rectal carcinoids ≤10 mm without adverse features.
  • Tumors 10-20 mm require careful assessment; those ≤16 mm without adverse features may undergo local excision.
  • Rectal carcinoids >20 mm or with adverse features necessitate radical surgery with mesorectal clearance.