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Updated: May 2, 2026

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Internal thoracic artery: anatomical and biological characteristics revisited

Lokeswara Rao Sajja1, Gopichand Mannam2

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Star Hospitals, Hyderabad, India sajjalr@yahoo.com.

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals
|March 4, 2014
PubMed

The left internal thoracic artery has become the conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting, due to its superior patency rates at 10 or more years with little or no evidence of atherosclerotic changes. Recent evidence indicates that a second internal thoracic artery graft provides improved results relative to overall survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular event-free survival, and reduces the need for repeat revascularization. However, the routine use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries is limited due to a perceived higher incidence of deep sternal wound infection. The surgical anatomy, collateral blood supply to the sternum, and biological characteristics of internal thoracic artery conduits are reviewed.

Keywords:
Coronary artery bypassInternal mammary-coronary artery anastomosismammary arteriesmyocardial revascularizationsurgical wound infection

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