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Pupil response and the subliminal mere exposure effect.

Sanae Yoshimoto1, Hisato Imai2, Makio Kashino3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan ; NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan ; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.

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|March 4, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The subliminal mere exposure effect (SMEE) occurs when repeated, unnoticed exposure increases preference. This study found smaller pupil diameters during SMEE, linking perceptual fluency to autonomic responses and preference.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • The subliminal mere exposure effect (SMEE) describes a preference for stimuli seen subliminally.
  • Perceptual fluency is a proposed mechanism, where ease of processing is misattributed to liking.
  • Pupil diameter is a physiological indicator of mental effort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between perceptual fluency, mental effort, and SMEE.
  • To test if pupil diameter reflects the cognitive processes underlying SMEE.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were exposed to subthreshold stimuli.
  • Pupil diameter was measured during subliminal exposure.
  • A preference test was administered post-exposure.

Main Results:

  • Average pupil diameter was significantly smaller when SMEE was induced compared to when it was not.
  • This suggests reduced mental effort associated with increased perceptual fluency.

Conclusions:

  • Increased perceptual fluency during subliminal mere exposure is linked to reduced mental effort.
  • Autonomic responses, like pupil diameter, can reflect the cognitive mechanisms driving SMEE and subsequent preference.