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Developmental gender differences in children in a virtual spatial memory task.

Irene León1, José Manuel Cimadevilla1, Laura Tascón1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Almería.

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Children aged 5 show basic spatial navigation, with performance improving after age 5. Boys outperform girls in spatial reference memory tasks, indicating later maturation of these brain structures in girls.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Behavioral achievements correlate with brain maturation, particularly in the medial temporal lobe during postnatal development.
  • Virtual reality (VR) tasks are increasingly used in neuropsychology to assess cognitive functions.
  • This study investigates spatial abilities in children using VR and psychometric tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess spatial reference memory and spatial working memory in children aged 4-10 years.
  • To combine desktop virtual reality tasks with classic psychometric tests for comprehensive spatial ability assessment.
  • To explore developmental trends and gender differences in spatial memory.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty boys and 50 girls aged 4-10 years participated.
  • Spatial memory was evaluated using a desktop virtual reality task.
  • Classic psychometric tests, including Corsi Block Tapping Test and 10/36 Spatial Recall Test, were administered.

Main Results:

  • Performance generally improved with age, with 4- and 5-year-olds showing lower scores than older children.
  • Five-year-olds demonstrated basic spatial navigation skills.
  • Boys outperformed girls in spatial reference memory tasks from ages 6-8, but not in spatial working memory tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial task performance improves significantly after age 5.
  • Allocentric memory-related brain regions are functional by age 5.
  • Reference memory maturation appears later in girls compared to working memory, suggesting sex-based developmental differences.