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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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How, and from which cell sources, do nevi really develop?

James M Grichnik1, Andrew L Ross, Samantha L Schneider

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Experimental Dermatology
|March 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The origin of melanocytic neoplasms remains unclear, challenging traditional epidermal melanocyte theories. Research is exploring genetic, cellular, and environmental factors to define the cell of origin for these diverse tumors.

Keywords:
melanoblastmelanocytic stem cellmelanoma stem cellmelanomagenesisnevogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Melanocytic neoplasms encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant tumors.
  • Current models often propose epidermal melanocytes as the cell of origin, but clinical evidence is frequently inconsistent.
  • The precise location and differentiation status of the cell initiating melanocytic neoplasia are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and propose potential models for the origin of melanocytic neoplasms.
  • To discuss the complexities and challenges in researching the cell of origin.
  • To highlight opportunities for future research in melanocytic neoplasia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melanocytic neoplasm biology and genetics.
  • Analysis of clinical findings related to tumor presentation and behavior.
  • Discussion of germ line genetics, cellular location, and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Clinical observations often contradict the epidermal melanocyte origin theory for many melanocytic neoplasms.
  • Multiple factors, including germ line genetics, cellular environment, and differentiation status, are implicated in neoplasm development.
  • The cell of origin for the majority of melanocytic neoplasms remains an open question.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional epidermal melanocyte origin model requires re-evaluation for most melanocytic neoplasms.
  • A multifactorial approach considering genetics, cell biology, and microenvironment is crucial for understanding neoplasm development.
  • Further research is needed to definitively identify the cell of origin and guide therapeutic strategies.