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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Protein Networks02:26

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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Structural genomics of human proteins.

Khan Tanjid Osman1, Aled Edwards

  • 1Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS South Tower, Suite 706, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7.

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Structural genomics aims to understand human protein variations, disease links, and membrane protein structures. This research provides strategies to accelerate protein expression and crystallization for health advancements and drug development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Structural genomics initiatives focus on the human proteome.
  • Key aims include understanding protein family variations, the structural basis of disease, and integral membrane protein structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance the understanding of human health through structural biology.
  • To establish a structural framework for therapeutic development.
  • To provide guidance on experimental strategies for human protein studies.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on optimizing experimental strategies for protein expression.
  • Emphasis on expediting protein crystallization techniques.
  • Utilizing a decade of research to refine methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of optimal experimental strategies for human protein expression and crystallization.
  • Development of a structural platform for understanding human health.
  • Insights into structural variations within protein families and disease associations.

Conclusions:

  • Structural genomics provides a foundation for understanding human health and disease.
  • Optimized strategies can accelerate the structure determination of human proteins.
  • This work aids in the development of novel therapeutics.