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A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods

A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods

Published on: October 20, 2019

Amazonian functional diversity from forest canopy chemical assembly.

Gregory P Asner¹, Roberta E Martin, Raul Tupayachi

¹Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 5, 2014

Summary

Tropical forest chemical diversity is shaped by both environmental filters like soil and climate, and the evolutionary history of tree species. This nested pattern influences how western Amazonian forests respond to climate change and land use.

Keywords:

Amazon basin biological diversity chemical phylogeny community assembly leaf traits

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Botany
Biogeochemistry

Background:

Functional diversity in tropical forests reflects ecological assembly and predicts responses to environmental change.
Tree canopy chemistry is crucial for functional diversity, but the interplay between phylogeny and environment in tropical tree chemical traits is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interactive roles of phylogeny and environment in shaping the canopy chemical traits of tropical trees in the western Amazon.
To understand how these chemical traits influence forest functional diversity and ecosystem responses to environmental shifts.

Main Methods:

Collected and analyzed foliage from 2,420 canopy tree species across 19 forests in the western Amazon.
Examined community-scale shifts in canopy chemical traits along environmental gradients (elevation, soil fertility).

Main Results:

Identified systematic community-scale shifts in average canopy chemical traits along elevation and soil fertility gradients.
Found strong phylogenetic partitioning of structural and defense chemicals, independent of environmental variations.
Observed significant environmental control on foliar phosphorus and calcium, key elements for CO2 uptake.

Conclusions:

Western Amazonian forest chemical diversity is a nested mosaic influenced by long-term adaptation to environmental filters (soils, climate) and phylogenetic trait divergence.
These geographically nested patterns of canopy chemical traits are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to changing land use and climate.