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Timing matters: using optogenetics to chronically manipulate neural circuitry and rhythms.

Michelle M Sidor1, Colleen A McClung1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

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|March 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Optogenetics now allows chronic, time-specific control of neural circuits. This approach is crucial for understanding daily rhythms in brain activity and modeling neuropsychiatric diseases.

Keywords:
addictionbipolar disordercircadian rhythmsdepressionmouse modelsobsessive-compulsive disorderopsinsoptogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Optogenetics

Background:

  • Optogenetics offers precise spatial and temporal control of neural circuits.
  • Daily rhythms in neural activity are biologically significant but often overlooked in experimental design.
  • Understanding circuit function across days is vital for disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in optogenetic technology for chronic, temporally specific circuit control.
  • To highlight the importance of considering physiological times of day in neuroscience research.
  • To provide examples of optogenetic paradigms for studying behaviors linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent optogenetic technological advancements.
  • Discussion of chronic optogenetic experimental paradigms.
  • Focus on temporally specific manipulation of neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Optogenetics can be used for chronic, temporally specific control of neural circuits.
  • This technology enables probing circuit function within physiologically relevant time windows.
  • Examples of its application in studying disease-relevant behaviors are provided.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic, temporally specific optogenetics is a powerful tool for neuroscience.
  • Incorporating circadian rhythms into experimental design is fundamental for understanding brain function.
  • This approach aids in investigating the neural basis of neuropsychiatric diseases.