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Genetic and Pharmacologic Models for Type 1 Diabetes
Edward H Leiter1, Andrew Schile1
1The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, Tel: 207-288-6370, FAX: 207-288-6077.
Current Protocols in Mouse Biology
|March 5, 2014
Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse models vary, including autoimmune NOD mice and non-autoimmune models like Ins2Akita. Pharmacological induction using streptozotocin or alloxan offers further research avenues for T1D.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves insulin insufficiency.
- The NOD mouse is a key model for autoimmune T1D.
- Non-autoimmune models exist, including genetic mutations and pharmacological induction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize protocols for various T1D mouse models.
- To differentiate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune T1D models.
- To provide a resource for researchers managing T1D models.
Main Methods:
- Review of established T1D mouse models (NOD, Ins2Akita).
- Description of pharmacologically induced T1D (alloxan, streptozotocin).
- Discussion of sex-specific T1D induction with low-dose streptozotocin.
Main Results:
- Multiple mouse models recapitulate aspects of human T1D.
- Ins2Akita mutation causes insulin deficiency without autoimmunity.
- Streptozotocin can induce T1D via direct toxicity and inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Diverse mouse models are available for T1D research.
- Understanding model-specific mechanisms is crucial for study design.
- Protocols for managing these models are essential for reproducible research.
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