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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
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Telomerase triggered drug release using a SERS traceable nanocarrier.

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    This study introduces a novel drug delivery system that uses telomerase (an enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells) to trigger drug release from nanoparticles. This targeted approach enhances cancer therapy and allows for real-time tracking of nanocarriers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Telomerase is a key biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer.
    • Existing drug delivery systems often lack specificity, leading to off-target effects.
    • There is a need for targeted drug delivery systems that respond to cancer-specific triggers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a stimuli-responsive nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery.
    • To utilize telomerase as a trigger for drug release specifically in cancer cells.
    • To create a traceable nanocarrier system for monitoring drug delivery dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with an inner metal core were synthesized as nanocarriers.
    • Drugs were loaded into the nanoparticle pores and sealed with a telomerase-cleavable oligonucleotide strand (CAP1).
    • The metal core was utilized as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for nanocarrier tracing.

    Main Results:

    • The CAP1 strand effectively blocked drug leakage until exposed to telomerase.
    • Telomerase activity triggered the release of loaded drugs by degrading the CAP1 strand.
    • The SERS signal allowed for real-time tracing of the nanocarriers.
    • Drug release was demonstrated to be specific to cells with high telomerase expression.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel, telomerase-responsive nanocarrier system was successfully developed.
    • This system enables targeted drug release in cancer cells, minimizing off-target effects.
    • The SERS-traceable nature of the nanocarrier facilitates the study of drug delivery dynamics.