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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
16.8K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

21.1K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
21.1K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

11.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
11.1K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.1K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

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A coordination polymer consisting of two different one-dimensional copper(II) chains.

Yang Wu1, Wen Zhen Wang1, Rayyat Huseyn Ismayilov2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry
|March 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel 1D coordination polymer formed by copper(II) perchlorate and a pyrazine-amine ligand. The polymer exhibits unique structural features with two distinct copper coordination geometries and extensive hydrogen bonding, forming 3D networks.

Keywords:
coordination polymercopper(II) complexcrystal structure

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Coordination polymers offer tunable properties based on metal centers and organic ligands.
  • 1D coordination polymers are of interest for their potential applications in various fields.
  • The synthesis and structural characterization of novel coordination polymers are crucial for advancing materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel 1D coordination polymer involving copper(II) perchlorate and N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)pyrazin-2-amine.
  • To investigate the coordination modes of the ligand and the structural features of the resulting complex.
  • To explore the supramolecular assembly through hydrogen bonding interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
  • Elemental analysis.
  • Infrared spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • A novel 1D straight-chain coordination polymer, catena-poly[[[diaqua(methanol-κO)copper(II)]-μ-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl-κN(1))pyrazin-2-amine-κ(2)N(1):N(4)] [[aqua(aqua/methanol-κO)(perchlorato-κO)copper(II)]-μ-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl-κN(1))pyrazin-2-amine-κ(2)N(1):N(4)] tris(perchlorate) methanol monosolvate 1.419-hydrate], was successfully synthesized.
  • The complex features two crystallographically independent 1D chains with Cu(II) atoms in distinct octahedral coordination geometries.
  • The N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)pyrazin-2-amine ligand acts as a bridge, coordinating tridentately to two Cu(II) centers and forming an infinite chain.
  • Extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between perchlorate anions, water molecules, and the ligand contribute to the formation of a 3D network.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully elucidated the structure of a novel copper(II) coordination polymer with interesting structural diversity.
  • The ligand's versatile coordination behavior is key to forming the 1D chain structure.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding network highlights the importance of non-covalent interactions in constructing extended supramolecular architectures.