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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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Structural and magnetic transitions in cubic Mn3Ga.

P Kharel1, Y Huh, N Al-Aqtash

  • 1Department of Physics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA. Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 6, 2014
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Summary

This study reveals cubic Mn3Ga exhibits antiferromagnetic properties and coupled phase transitions. Electron transport shows metallic behavior with a low-temperature resistivity anomaly attributed to lattice excitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Cubic Mn3Ga is an intermetallic compound with potential applications in magnetic devices.
  • Understanding its structural, magnetic, and electronic properties is crucial for material design.
  • Previous studies have explored some aspects, but a comprehensive investigation is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural, magnetic, and electron-transport properties of cubic Mn3Ga.
  • To correlate these properties with the material's crystal structure and potential phase transitions.
  • To elucidate the origin of the observed low-temperature resistivity anomaly.

Main Methods:

  • Alloy preparation using arc melting and melt-spinning techniques.
  • Characterization of structural and magnetic properties through phase transition analysis.
  • Measurement of electron-transport properties, including low-temperature resistivity.
  • First-principles calculations to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Cubic Mn3Ga exhibits antiferromagnetic spin order at room temperature.
  • Coupled structural and magnetic phase transitions occur at 600 K and 800 K.
  • Metallic electron transport is observed, with a resistance minimum near 30 K.
  • A logarithmic upturn in resistivity below 30 K suggests electron scattering from lattice excitations.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental findings align with theoretical predictions for cubic Mn3Ga in a disordered Cu3Au-type structure.
  • The low-temperature resistivity anomaly is likely caused by electron scattering from low-lying excitations in the disordered lattice.
  • This research provides valuable insights into the fundamental properties of Mn3Ga for future applications.