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Imprinting01:22

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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Post-natal imprinting: evidence from marsupials.

J M Stringer1, A J Pask2, G Shaw3

  • 11] Centre for Genetic Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research and Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia [3] Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic imprinting, a gene regulation process, is vital for offspring growth. Recent studies reveal its crucial role in marsupial mammary glands and mouse behavior, impacting post-natal survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mammalian Reproduction

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting, a phenomenon where genes are expressed only from one parental allele, is known in eutherian and marsupial mammals but absent in monotremes.
  • Imprinted genes primarily regulate pre-natal development and nutrition via the placenta.
  • Marsupials exhibit a short placental attachment, with extensive post-natal development reliant on lactation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genomic imprinting in marsupials beyond the placenta, specifically in the mammary gland.
  • To explore the influence of imprinted genes on post-natal growth and offspring survival in marsupials and mice.
  • To determine if genomic imprinting extends to regulating maternal care and feeding behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of imprinted genes across mammalian groups.
  • Studies on nutrient-regulatory genes in the mammary glands of tammar wallabies.
  • Behavioral and genetic studies in mice focusing on imprinted genes involved in feeding and nurturing.

Main Results:

  • Genomic imprinting is confirmed in nutrient-regulatory genes within the adult marsupial mammary gland.
  • Evidence suggests imprinted genes influence post-natal growth via lactation in marsupials.
  • Imprinted genes are implicated in regulating feeding and nurturing behaviors in mice, affecting offspring survival.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic imprinting plays a critical role in optimizing offspring growth and survival during both pre-natal and post-natal stages.
  • The mammary gland represents a significant site for genomic imprinting in marsupials, compensating for limited placental development.
  • Imprinted genes are essential for regulating maternal investment and offspring development throughout lactation and early life.