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Updated: May 2, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Genotoxicity of the some selective estrogen receptor modulators: a review
Serkan Yilmaz1, Ilknur M Gönenç, Ebru Yilmaz
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Aktaş Kavşağı, Altındağ, 06340, Ankara, Turkey, seryil02@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The objective of this article is to review genotoxicological profile of the major selective estrogen receptor modulators, including clomiphene, tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene. These drugs have been used for infertility treatment and breast cancer prevention in high risk-women. However, some studies reported that especially tamoxifen is a genotoxic agent and is related with endometrial cancer. Our review indicate that clomiphene and tamoxifen were found as genotoxic agent in majority of the tests. However published reports showed that toremifene is a weakly genotoxic agent. The genotoxic effects of raloxifene are still poorly known. Further genotoxicity studies should be conducted especially for raloxifene.
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