Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

3.0K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
3.0K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.2K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.2K
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

5.0K
Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
5.0K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.6K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.6K
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

123
The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
123

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Olfactory impairment in Huntington's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neuroscience applied·2026
Same author

Clinical trials in neurosciences: Need for standards for innovation on clinical outcomes.

Neuroscience applied·2026
Same author

Learning in clinical practice: Factors, outcomes, and challenges in clinical nursing education - A scoping review.

Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing·2026
Same author

Prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis through optimising care: the PREVENT-IAD Synopsis.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026
Same author

Representation of different skin colors in German nursing textbooks.

GMS journal for medical education·2026
Same author

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the lower legs (EPDL): A rarely diagnosed neutrophilic dermatosis of the elderly.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional association between immunobullous diseases and obsessive-compulsive disorder including excoriation disorder.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
Same journal

Diagnosis of immunobullous diseases in underrepresented groups: an all of us database study.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
Same journal

Increased Risk of Melanoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Sjogren's Syndrome: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
Same journal

Vitiligo and Risk of Gastrointestinal Disorders in the United States: A Case-Control Study.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
Same journal

Increased Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Vitiligo: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
Same journal

Transgender Individuals' Perspectives on Teledermatology-Based Acne Research.

Archives of dermatological research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

Published on: January 9, 2026

441

Skin barrier function in infancy: a systematic review.

Laine Ludriksone1, Natalie Garcia Bartels, Varvara Kanti

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.

Archives of Dermatological Research
|March 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant skin barrier maturation, measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH, shows rapid pH changes in the first month but stable TEWL in the first two years. This indicates a competent permeability barrier develops early.

More Related Videos

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing Using Enteroid-Derived Monolayers
09:36

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing Using Enteroid-Derived Monolayers

Published on: July 28, 2022

1.8K
Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function
09:40

Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function

Published on: July 29, 2021

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

Published on: January 9, 2026

441
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing Using Enteroid-Derived Monolayers
09:36

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing Using Enteroid-Derived Monolayers

Published on: July 28, 2022

1.8K
Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function
09:40

Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function

Published on: July 29, 2021

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Dermatology
  • Pediatric Skin Physiology
  • Barrier Function Development

Background:

  • Neonatal and infant skin possess unique properties making them susceptible to barrier disruption.
  • Understanding skin barrier maturation is crucial for infant dermatological health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize skin barrier maturation in infants during the first two years of life.
  • To analyze changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH as indicators of barrier development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1975-2013).
  • Inclusion of 36 studies with 8,483 TEWL and 6,437 pH measurements in healthy full-term infants (0-24 months).
  • Analysis of data across 26 anatomical areas for TEWL and 14 for pH.

Main Results:

  • Skin surface pH significantly decreases in the first postnatal week, followed by gradual site-specific acidification.
  • Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) shows variability across anatomical sites but no consistent time-dependent development in the first two years.
  • Specific pH and TEWL values varied significantly by anatomical location and infant age.

Conclusions:

  • Infant skin pH undergoes rapid changes post-birth, indicating early maturation of the acid mantle.
  • The permeability barrier, assessed by TEWL, appears competent in most areas early in life and does not show significant developmental changes during the first two years.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic nature of infant skin pH and the relatively stable permeability barrier function within the first 24 months.