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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

29
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
29
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

27
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
36
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

1.2K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

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The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

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Tremor.

W Jeffrey Elias1, Binit B Shah2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

JAMA
|March 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tremor is a common movement disorder that can cause disability. Differentiating physiological tremor from pathological types like essential tremor and Parkinson disease tremor is key for effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Tremor, a rhythmic involuntary movement, is the most common movement disorder in the US.
  • Distinguishing physiological tremor from pathological types is crucial for patient management.
  • While not life-threatening, tremor can significantly impair daily activities and work.

Observation:

  • Common tremors (essential tremor, Parkinson disease tremor) are recognizable early.
  • Less common tremors may require specialist referral due to treatment resistance.
  • Severe, medically refractory tremors can be managed with neurosurgery.

Findings:

  • This review details the evaluation and evidence-based management of essential tremor and Parkinson disease tremor.
  • It highlights the importance of differentiating tremor types for appropriate care.
  • It discusses medical therapies and surgical interventions for advanced cases.

Implications:

  • Accurate tremor diagnosis and management can significantly reduce patient disability.
  • Understanding different tremor types guides treatment strategies, from medication to surgery.
  • This review provides a framework for evidence-based tremor care.