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Related Concept Videos

Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

8.4K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
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Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

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Micro analysis to map the glycome code.

Giuseppina Simone1

  • 1Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care Italian Institute of Technology @ CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, Italy.

Proteomics
|March 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycosylation, the sugar coating on proteins, impacts immune recognition and is implicated in diseases like cancer and diabetes. Understanding these complex glycan structures requires novel technologies like microfluidics.

Keywords:
GlycomicsGlycoproteomicsMicrofluidicsTechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Proteins are essential for cellular functions, studied in proteomics.
  • Protein glycosylation, or sugar coating, influences immune recognition.
  • Glycosylation is linked to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of simple glycans in modulating cellular behavior.
  • To explore the potential of microfluidics in understanding glycan-protein interactions.
  • To describe the hierarchical levels of glycan structure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of glycan structure hierarchy.
  • Discussion of microfluidic technologies for glycomics research.

Main Results:

  • Glycosylation significantly impacts protein function and immune response.
  • Glycan-protein interactions are crucial in various pathological processes.
  • Current understanding of simple glycans' role in cellular behavior is incomplete.

Conclusions:

  • Novel interdisciplinary technologies are needed to advance glycomics.
  • Microfluidics offers a promising avenue for improved understanding of glycan structures and functions.
  • Further research into the glycome is essential for understanding and treating complex diseases.