The use of compliant layer prosthetic components in orthopedic joint repair and replacement: a review

The surgical repair or treatment of degenerative joint disease has traditionally involved the substitution of synthetic materials for one or both surfaces of the joint. Engineering thermoplastics, metals, and ceramics have either been widely accepted or experimentally evaluated for use as bearing surfaces in these prostheses. When engineering thermoplastics are used, the opposing surface is a metal or a ceramic, but metal-on-metal, metal-on-ceramic, and ceramic-on-ceramic have also been used or tested. Researchers have sought the opportunity to utilize materials with compressive mechanical properties more closely matching those of the natural articular cartilage. This review discusses the theory, testing, and application of elastomers for one bearing component of articular joint prostheses.