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Updated: May 2, 2026
A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Immunologics and chemotherapeutics for renal cell carcinoma
Elan Diamond1, Jamie Riches2, Bishoy Faltas1
1Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College.
Abstract:
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains a challenge for clinicians. Traditional chemotherapy is ineffective and immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is only occasionally beneficial. The development of numerous agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways that have been studied in phase III trials have resulted in significant improvement in survival for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Currently available U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved first line targeted agents include sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, and bevacizumab (with interferon), while axitinib, everolimus, and sorafenib are most extensively used following progression as second- or third line therapy. Attempts to augment the activity of these agents by combining them together or with chemotherapy or immunotherapy have not yet proven to improve outcomes. As a result, the sequential use of single agents remains the current standard of care.
Insights
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma treatment is challenging. Targeted therapies like sunitinib and pazopanib improve survival, but combinations haven't surpassed sequential single-agent use, which remains the standard of care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Medical Research
Background:
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treatment presents significant clinical challenges.
- Traditional chemotherapy and interleukin-2 immunotherapy offer limited efficacy.
- Targeted therapies show promise for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current treatment strategies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
- To evaluate the efficacy of targeted agents and combination therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of phase III trial data for targeted agents.
- Analysis of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved first-line and second/third-line therapies.
- Assessment of combination therapy outcomes.
Main Results:
- First-line targeted agents (sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, bevacizumab) improve survival in ccRCC.
- Second/third-line agents include axitinib, everolimus, and sorafenib.
- Combination therapies have not demonstrated improved outcomes over single agents.
Conclusions:
- Sequential single-agent therapy is the current standard of care for mRCC.
- Further research is needed to improve treatment efficacy.
- Targeted therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways are crucial.
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