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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Does regulation of skeletal muscle function involve circulating microRNAs?

Wataru Aoi1, Kunihiro Sakuma2

  • 1Laboratory of Health Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto, Japan.

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|March 6, 2014
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Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are released by cells and altered by exercise and disease. These molecules may regulate skeletal muscle function and serve as biomarkers for health and athletic performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are found in circulation within exosomes and can influence recipient cell function.
  • Altered circulating miRNA levels are observed in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) in skeletal muscle function under physiological and pathological conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of exercise on c-miRNA levels and their potential regulatory effects.
  • To assess the utility of c-miRNAs as biomarkers for muscle disorders, athletic performance, and disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA biogenesis, circulation, and function.
  • Analysis of studies examining changes in c-miRNA profiles in response to exercise.
  • Examination of research linking c-miRNA alterations to muscle-related diseases and conditions.

Main Results:

  • Circulating miRNAs can be taken up by cells, modulating protein expression and cellular functions.
  • Exercise, both acute and chronic, can alter c-miRNA levels, impacting proteins involved in metabolism, myogenesis, and angiogenesis.
  • Specific miRNAs enriched in muscle are dysregulated in muscle disorders, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miRNAs play a role in skeletal muscle function and adaptation to exercise.
  • c-miRNAs hold potential as non-invasive biomarkers for muscle health, disease progression, and athletic status.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the diagnostic and prognostic value of c-miRNAs in musculoskeletal health.