Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
Published on: April 7, 2023
Factors associated with cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus during a 6-year observation
Hiroyuki Umegaki1, Takahiko Kawamura, Toshitaka Umemura
1Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Aims:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk for cognitive decline in older adults. The current study was carried out to determine the factors associated with cognitive decline.
Methods:
The older T2DM patients (aged ≥65 years, mean age 79.2 ± 5.1 years) were observed for 6 years, and the mean values in clinical indicators of participants with and without cognitive decline over a 6-year period were compared. Then, multiple logistic analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated with cognitive decline. Separate analyses were also carried out for each of five cognitive assessments (Mini-Mental State Examination, word immediate and delayed recall, Stroop test, digit symbol substitution).
Results:
In the composite of several cognitive assessments, higher age and a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with cognitive decline in older T2DM patients. Lower systolic blood pressure was associated with a decline in delayed word list recall. Higher plasma insulin level was associated with a decline in the Stroop test performance.
Conclusion:
Lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly associated with general cognitive decline in older T2DM patients during our 6-year observation. Several other factors were also associated with cognitive assessments of various cognitive domains.
Related Concept Videos
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

