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[Interferon therapy in hematologic neoplasms].

I Schwarzinger1, P Bettelheim, K Lechner

  • 1Abteilung für Hämatologie und Blutgerinnung, I. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Wien.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|August 5, 1988
PubMed
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Alpha-interferon effectively treats hairy cell leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia, inducing remissions but rarely cures. Gamma-interferon shows limited efficacy in most hematological cancers, with interferons causing flu-like symptoms and potential pain.

Area of Science:

  • Hematological Neoplasias
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cytokine Therapy

Context:

  • Interferons represent emerging therapeutic agents for hematological malignancies.
  • Alpha-interferon demonstrates high efficacy in hairy cell leukemia (90% response rate).
  • Limited data exists on long-term survival benefits compared to conventional treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Purpose:

  • To review the efficacy and toxicity of alpha-interferon and gamma-interferon in various hematological cancers.
  • To assess the response rates and potential benefits of interferon therapy in specific leukemias and lymphomas.
  • To understand the side effect profile of interferons in cancer treatment.

Summary:

  • Alpha-interferon achieves high response rates in hairy cell leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia (hematological remission and Philadelphia chromosome reduction), and low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

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  • Gamma-interferon shows limited efficacy, with some effect in chronic myeloid leukemia and potential benefits in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Interferon treatment can cause an influenza-like syndrome; low-dose alpha-interferon has minimal long-term toxicity, while intermediate doses may cause dose-limiting bone and muscle pain.

    • Impact:

    • Alpha-interferon offers a valuable treatment option for specific hematological malignancies, improving response rates and inducing remissions.
    • Understanding interferon efficacy and toxicity guides clinical decision-making in managing hematological cancers.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term survival impact of interferon therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia.