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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
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[Exogenous VEGF promotes hematopoietic stem cell mobilization].

Xiao-Jian Zhu1, Yi Li1, Yong You1

  • 1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
|March 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization in mice. However, VEGF also increases suppressive immune cells, altering immune function.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Context:

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in angiogenesis and has emerging roles in hematopoiesis and immune regulation.
  • Understanding VEGF's impact on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization and immune cell populations is crucial for potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the effects of exogenous VEGF administration on HSC mobilization and immune system modulation in C57BL/6J mice.
  • To analyze changes in white blood cell counts, lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) following short-term and long-term VEGF exposure.

Summary:

  • Administration of exogenous VEGF led to a significant increase in white blood cell counts and promoted hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization, evidenced by increased Lin(-)Sca-1(+)CD117(+) cell percentages in peripheral blood and spleen.
  • Long-term VEGF exposure resulted in spleen enlargement and extramedullary hematopoiesis. While total lymphocyte ratios remained unchanged, significant alterations in lymphocyte subsets, including decreased CD3(+) cells and increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were observed.

Impact:

  • Exogenous VEGF enhances hematopoietic stem cell mobilization.
  • VEGF treatment modulates the immune system by up-regulating suppressive immune cell populations, potentially leading to altered immune function.
  • These findings suggest a dual role for VEGF in hematopoiesis and immune regulation, with implications for stem cell therapies and immuno-oncology.