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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
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Ophthalmic considerations in pregnancy.

Sushil Chawla1, Tarun Chaudhary2, S Aggarwal2

  • 1Classified Specialist (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|March 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy alters eye physiology, impacting vision and requiring careful ophthalmic management. Understanding these changes is crucial for maternal and fetal health, guiding treatment for pregnant women.

Keywords:
Eye diseases in pregnancyPregnancy complicationsPregnancy physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces physiological stress, altering bodily systems, including the eyes.
  • Ocular changes during pregnancy necessitate modifications in managing both eye conditions and pregnancy itself.
  • Systemic conditions affecting the eye are further modified by the pregnant state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex interactions between pregnancy and ocular health.
  • To provide a simplified overview of common ophthalmic issues in pregnant women.
  • To discuss the management of these issues and the impact of ophthalmic medications on the fetus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ophthalmology and obstetrics.
  • Synthesis of information regarding physiological changes in the pregnant eye.
  • Analysis of ophthalmic conditions and their management during pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy significantly affects ocular physiology and can exacerbate or unmask eye conditions.
  • Specific ophthalmic medications require careful consideration due to potential fetal effects.
  • Effective management involves interdisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists and obstetricians.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of the interplay between ophthalmology and obstetrics is vital for optimal maternal and child outcomes.
  • A foundational understanding of these interactions aids in managing pregnant patients with ophthalmic concerns.
  • This article serves as a guide to common ophthalmic issues and their management in pregnancy.