Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

29
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
29
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.2K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.2K
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

27
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
27
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

53
The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
53
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

7.8K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
7.8K
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

1.7K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Initial appearance and temporal distribution of pedicle screw loosening after single-level lumbar interbody fusion.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Anterior to Dorsal Root Entry Zone Myelotomy for a Ventrolateral Diffuse Midline Glioma of the Conus Medullaris: A 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Exaggerated systolic blood pressure response to late-night low- and high-intensity resistance exercise in healthy young men.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

Insulin-mediated modulation of ion channels in peripheral sensory neurons: Potential implications for autonomic regulation.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same author

Structural Determination of a Human IgE Epitope on Major Birch Allergen Bet v 1.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Combined effects of physical activity and diabetes medications on glycemic control: a real-world data study.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality
10:40

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality

Published on: August 6, 2017

17.7K

Autonomic dysfunction in muscular dystrophy: a theoretical framework for muscle reflex involvement.

Scott A Smith1, Ryan M Downey2, Jon W Williamson3

  • 1Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA ; Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Physiology
|March 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Muscular dystrophy may involve autonomic dysfunction, potentially linked to abnormalities in the skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex. Understanding this connection could reveal new therapeutic targets for muscular dystrophy.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseexercisemuscle afferentsmuscular dystrophyparasympathetic nerve activitysympathetic nerve activity

More Related Videos

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
07:53

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Published on: September 13, 2015

22.1K
Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality
10:40

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality

Published on: August 6, 2017

17.7K
Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
07:53

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Published on: September 13, 2015

22.1K
Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders causing progressive skeletal muscle degeneration.
  • Cardiac muscle dysfunction is also observed in several muscular dystrophy forms.
  • Primary defects involve mutations in myocyte proteins crucial for muscle structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of autonomic dysfunction in muscular dystrophy pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the exercise pressor reflex as a contributing factor to autonomic dysfunction in muscular dystrophy.
  • To review the mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction and exercise pressor reflex in muscular dystrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on muscular dystrophy, autonomic dysfunction, and the exercise pressor reflex.
  • Analysis of reported abnormalities in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity in muscular dystrophy variants.
  • Examination of the exercise pressor reflex's function in health and disease.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests autonomic dysfunction may secondarily contribute to skeletal and cardiac myopathy in muscular dystrophy.
  • Abnormalities in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve regulation are reported in muscular dystrophy.
  • The exercise pressor reflex, originating in skeletal muscle, may be abnormal in muscular dystrophy, exacerbating autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is a potential secondary contributor to muscular dystrophy.
  • The exercise pressor reflex may play a role in the autonomic dysfunction observed in muscular dystrophy.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could identify novel therapeutic targets for muscular dystrophy.